English - Regular verb dan Irregular verb

pengertian dan contoh Regular verb

Regular verbs, yang dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut “Kata Kerja Beraturan“, adalah kata-kata kerja dimana bentuk verb1 ke verb2 atau ke verb3  berubah dengan menambahkan imbuhan -ed, atau hanya dengan menambahkan imbuhan -d saja jika verb-nya diakhiri dengan huruf e. Misalnya: dare – dared – dared (berani, lancang); encourage  – encouraged – encouraged (mendorong/memicu semangat), dst.

Contoh regular verb:

V1	V2	V3
work	worked	worked
talk	talked	talked
want	wanted	wanted
help	helped	helped
ask	asked	asked

Ketentuan menambahkan akhiran pada kata Kerja Regular

1. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan consonant, maka verb2 dan verb3 ditambahi -ed.
Contoh:

1. abort – aborted – aborted
2. play – played – played
3. happen – happened – happened
4. knock – knocked – knocked
5. hunt – hunted – hunted

2. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan huruf e, maka verb2 dan verb3 ditambahi -d.
Contoh:

1. achieve – achieved- achieved
2. admire – admired – admired
3. agree – agreed – agreed
4. guarantee – guaranteed – guaranteed
5. like – liked – liked

3. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan ‘consonant + y’, maka y diubah menjadi i kemudian ditambahi -ed.
Contoh:

1. study – studied – studied
2. deny – denied – denied
3. notify – notified – notified
4. cry – cried – cried
5. try – tried -tried

4. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan ‘vowel + y’, maka y-nya tetap (tidak diubah menjadi i).
Contoh:

1. play – played – played
2. obey – obeyed – obeyed
3. employ – employed – employed
4. stay – stayed – stayed
5. decay – decayed – decayed

5. Kalau verb1-nya hanya terdiri dari satu suku kata dan diakhiri dengan ‘vowel + consonant’, maka consonant tersebut ditulis dua kali. Rule ini tidak berlaku kalau consonant-nya adalah w, x, dan y.
Contoh:

1. stop – stopped – stopped
2. plan – planned – planned
3. beg – begged – begged
4. mop – mopped – mopped
5. plot – plotted – plotted

6. Kalau verb1-nya terdiri dari dua suku kata atau lebih, suku terakhirnya diakhiri dengan ‘vowel + consonant’, dan stress pengucapan terletak di suku terakhir tersebut, maka consonant-nya juga ditulis dua kali. Rule ini tidak berlaku kalau consonant-nya adalah w, x, dan y.
Contoh:

1. admit -admitted – admitted
2. occur – occurred – occurred
3. prefer- preferred – preferred
4. permit – permitted – permitted
5. compel – compelled- compelled

Di contoh berikut, consonant-nya tidak ditulis double karena stress pengucapannya tidak di suku kata terakhir:

1. happen – happened – happened
2. consider – considered – considered
3. cover – covered – covered
4. deliver -delivered – delivered
5. frighten – frightened – frightened

7. Dalam British English, consonant l yang terakhir selalu ditulis double, tetapi rule ini tidak berlaku dalam American English.
Contoh:

1. travel – travelled – travelled (British English)
2. travel – traveled – traveled (American English)
3. level – levelled – levelled (British English)
4. level – leveled – leveled (American English)
5. label – labelled – labelled (British English)
6. label – labeled – labeled (American English)

Contoh kalimatnya:

·         I waited

·         She have painted

·         We had traveled

·         He is invited

·         You were called

·         They will be hired

pengertian dan contoh Irregular Verb

Irregular Verb

irregular verbs (Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan) adalah kata-kata kerja yang perubahan dari verb1 ke verb2 atau ke verb3  tidak dengan menambahkan imbuhan -ed, atau -d. Kata-kata kerja ini berubah secara tidak beraturan.

Contoh irregular verb:

V1	V2	V3
do	did	done
eat	ate	eaten
see	saw	seen
buy	bought	bought
sing	sang	sung

Bentuk irregular verbs dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok sebagai berikut.

1.      Kata kerja yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya tidak berubah dari bentuk pertamanya, misalnya kata bet, bid, cut, dan hurt, bentuk keduanya dan ketiganya juga bet, bid, cut, dan hurt.

2.      Kata kerja yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya sama tetapi berbeda dengan bentuk pertamanya, misalnya kata bleed, bentuk kedua dan ketiganya adalah bled, dan kata cling bentuk kedua dan ketiganya adalah clung.

3.      Kata kerja yang bentuk pertama, bentuk kedua, dan bentuk ketiganya tidak sama. Sebagai contoh misalnya take menjadi bentuk keduanya took dan bentuk ketiganya taken, arise bentuk keduanya arose dan bentuk ketiganya arisen, dan sebagainya.

Contoh kalimatnya

·         Abide - Abode - Abiden (tinggal) >>> He abode in a forest alone.

·         Bear - Bore - Born (lahir) >>> He was born on 21 December 2000.

·         Cut - Cut - Cut (memotong) >>> Don't cut the trees!

·         Dig - Dug - Dug (menggali) >>> Harry potter dug a hole to bury Dobby.

·         Eat - Ate - Eaten (makan) >>> The lion has eaten its prey greedily.

·         Fly - Flew - Flown (terbang) >>> The hawk flew over the sky.

·         Get - Got - Got (memperoleh) >>> Congratulations! You've got the first winner of singing contest.

·         Hit - Hit - Hit (memukul) >>> The player hit the ball quickly.

·         Know - Knew - Known (tahu) >>> I don't know at all.

·         Lie - Lied - Lain (berbohong) >>> Don't lie to me!

·         Make - Made - Made (membuat) >>> How to make a cup of coffee?

·         Sit - Sat - Sat (duduk) >>> Sit down, please!

·         Take - Took - Taken (mengambil) >>> Hermione took her magic stick and spelled.

·         Write - Wrote - Written (menulis) >>> I write 3 articles everyday.

Selain itu, terdapat juga kata kerja yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi regular verbs sekaligus irregular verbs, misalnya kata kerja awake yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya bisa awaked atau awoke, kata kerja leap yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya bisa leaped atau leapt, dan sebagainya.

Contoh Regular Verb = Irregular Verb:

Base Form	Regular Verb		Irregular Verb		Makna
	Past Tense	Past Participle	Past Tense	Past Participle
bless	blessed	blessed	blest	blest	memberkati, merestui
learn	learned	learned	learnt	learnt	mempelajari
input	inputted	inputted	input	input	memasukkan

Namun ada pula kata kerja yang memiliki makna berbeda, tergantung berfungsi sebagai regular verb atau irregular.

Contoh Kata Kerja dengan Makna Berbeda:

Kata Kerja	Base Form	Past Tense	Past Participle	Makna
regular verb	hang	hanged	hanged	menggantung (membunuh)
irregular verb	hang	hung	hung	menggantung (benda)

Plural – Singular – Past - Past Participle

• becomes – become – became - become
• catches – catch – caught - caught
• drives – drive – drove - driven
• flies – fly – flew - flown
• forgives – forgive – forgave - forgiven
• goes – go – went - gone
• hides -     hide – hid - hidden
• rides – ride – rode - ridden
• writes – write – wrote - writte 
• 
  

Contoh kalimat Past Continuous Tense (when and while)

Kalimat when/while ditengah

1.      You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.

2.      Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.

3.      I was watching TV when she called.

4.      He was cancelling his flight when we called him.

5.      I was overtaking a truck when I heard a loud thump.

6.      We were watching a movie when the screen went blank.

7.      We were complaining about the weather when the sun broke through the clouds.

8.      Sandra was washing the dishes when a plate fell off the shelf.

9.      I was talking with James when the telephone rang.

10. I was watching TV when you telephoned.

11. I held my breath when somebody was behaving suspiciously in my backyard.

12. Male students were playing around while female ones were chitchatting.

13. My roommate was snoring loudly while I was studying.

14. We were smoking while we were drinking.

15. I breathed well when somebody was not behaving suspiciously in my backyard.

Kalimat when/while diawal

1.      When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

2.      While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.

3.      While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

4.      While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.

5.      While he was talking on the phone, I was watching TV.

6.      While she was packing the bags, I was looking for our passports.

7.      While Angelica was playing tennis, the plane crashed.

8.      When Bob was painting windows, it started raining.

9.      When I was jogging someone stopped me and asked what time it was

10. When Bob was painting windows, Mary was working in the kitchen.

11. While I was sleeping, she was working.

12. When I called him last night, he was playing card with his friends.

13. When she screamed for help, we were chitchatting.

14. When someone broke into our house, we were sleeping.

15. While I was not typing this note, we were watching TV in the family room.