pengertian dan contoh Regular verb
Regular verbs, yang dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut “Kata Kerja Beraturan“, adalah kata-kata kerja dimana bentuk verb1 ke verb2 atau ke verb3 berubah dengan menambahkan imbuhan -ed, atau hanya dengan menambahkan imbuhan -d saja jika verb-nya diakhiri dengan huruf e. Misalnya: dare – dared – dared (berani, lancang); encourage – encouraged – encouraged (mendorong/memicu semangat), dst.
Contoh regular verb:
V1
|
V2
|
V3
|
work
|
worked
|
worked
|
talk
|
talked
|
talked
|
want
|
wanted
|
wanted
|
help
|
helped
|
helped
|
ask
|
asked
|
asked
|
1. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan
consonant, maka verb2 dan verb3 ditambahi -ed.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- abort – aborted – aborted
- play – played – played
- happen – happened – happened
- knock – knocked – knocked
- hunt – hunted – hunted
2. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan
huruf e, maka verb2 dan verb3 ditambahi -d.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- achieve – achieved- achieved
- admire – admired – admired
- agree – agreed – agreed
- guarantee – guaranteed – guaranteed
- like – liked – liked
3. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan
‘consonant + y’, maka y diubah menjadi i kemudian
ditambahi -ed.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- study – studied – studied
- deny – denied – denied
- notify – notified – notified
- cry – cried – cried
- try – tried -tried
4. Kalau verb1-nya diakhiri dengan
‘vowel + y’, maka y-nya tetap (tidak diubah menjadi i).
Contoh:
Contoh:
- play – played – played
- obey – obeyed – obeyed
- employ – employed – employed
- stay – stayed – stayed
- decay – decayed – decayed
5. Kalau verb1-nya hanya terdiri dari
satu suku kata dan diakhiri dengan ‘vowel + consonant’, maka consonant tersebut
ditulis dua kali. Rule ini tidak berlaku kalau consonant-nya adalah w, x,
dan y.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- stop – stopped – stopped
- plan – planned – planned
- beg – begged – begged
- mop – mopped – mopped
- plot – plotted – plotted
6. Kalau verb1-nya terdiri dari dua
suku kata atau lebih, suku terakhirnya diakhiri dengan ‘vowel + consonant’, dan
stress pengucapan terletak di suku terakhir tersebut, maka consonant-nya juga
ditulis dua kali. Rule ini tidak berlaku kalau consonant-nya adalah w, x,
dan y.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- admit -admitted – admitted
- occur – occurred – occurred
- prefer- preferred – preferred
- permit – permitted – permitted
- compel – compelled- compelled
Di contoh berikut, consonant-nya tidak
ditulis double karena stress pengucapannya tidak di suku kata terakhir:
- happen – happened – happened
- consider – considered – considered
- cover – covered – covered
- deliver -delivered – delivered
- frighten – frightened – frightened
7. Dalam British English, consonant l
yang terakhir selalu ditulis double, tetapi rule ini tidak berlaku dalam
American English.
Contoh:
Contoh:
- travel – travelled – travelled (British English)
- travel – traveled – traveled (American English)
- level – levelled – levelled (British English)
- level – leveled – leveled (American English)
- label – labelled – labelled (British English)
- label – labeled – labeled (American English)
Contoh kalimatnya:
·
She have
painted
·
We had
traveled
·
He is
invited
·
You were
called
·
They will be
hired
pengertian dan contoh Irregular Verb
Irregular Verbirregular verbs (Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan) adalah kata-kata kerja yang perubahan dari verb1 ke verb2 atau ke verb3 tidak dengan menambahkan imbuhan -ed, atau -d. Kata-kata kerja ini berubah secara tidak beraturan.
Contoh irregular verb:
V1
|
V2
|
V3
|
do
|
did
|
done
|
eat
|
ate
|
eaten
|
see
|
saw
|
seen
|
buy
|
bought
|
bought
|
sing
|
sang
|
sung
|
1.
Kata kerja yang
bentuk kedua dan ketiganya tidak berubah dari bentuk pertamanya, misalnya kata bet,
bid, cut, dan hurt, bentuk keduanya dan ketiganya juga bet, bid,
cut, dan hurt.
2.
Kata kerja yang
bentuk kedua dan ketiganya sama tetapi berbeda dengan bentuk pertamanya,
misalnya kata bleed, bentuk kedua dan ketiganya adalah bled, dan
kata cling bentuk kedua dan ketiganya adalah clung.
3.
Kata kerja yang
bentuk pertama, bentuk kedua, dan bentuk ketiganya tidak sama. Sebagai contoh
misalnya take menjadi bentuk keduanya took dan bentuk ketiganya taken,
arise bentuk keduanya arose dan bentuk ketiganya arisen,
dan sebagainya.
Contoh kalimatnya
·
Abide - Abode -
Abiden (tinggal) >>> He abode in a forest alone.
·
Bear - Bore - Born
(lahir) >>> He was born on 21 December 2000.
·
Cut - Cut - Cut
(memotong) >>> Don't cut the trees!
·
Dig - Dug - Dug
(menggali) >>> Harry potter dug a hole to bury Dobby.
·
Eat - Ate - Eaten
(makan) >>> The lion has eaten its prey greedily.
·
Fly - Flew - Flown
(terbang) >>> The hawk flew over the sky.
·
Get - Got - Got
(memperoleh) >>> Congratulations! You've got the first winner of
singing contest.
·
Hit - Hit - Hit
(memukul) >>> The player hit the ball quickly.
·
Know - Knew - Known
(tahu) >>> I don't know at all.
·
Lie - Lied - Lain
(berbohong) >>> Don't lie to me!
·
Make - Made - Made
(membuat) >>> How to make a cup of coffee?
·
Sit - Sat - Sat
(duduk) >>> Sit down, please!
·
Take - Took - Taken
(mengambil) >>> Hermione took her magic stick and spelled.
·
Write - Wrote -
Written (menulis) >>> I write 3 articles everyday.
Selain itu, terdapat juga kata kerja
yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi regular verbs sekaligus irregular
verbs, misalnya kata kerja awake yang bentuk kedua dan ketiganya
bisa awaked atau awoke, kata kerja leap yang bentuk kedua
dan ketiganya bisa leaped atau leapt, dan sebagainya.
Contoh
Regular Verb = Irregular Verb:
Base
Form
|
Regular
Verb
|
Irregular
Verb
|
Makna
|
||
Past
Tense
|
Past
Participle
|
Past
Tense
|
Past
Participle
|
||
bless
|
blessed
|
blessed
|
blest
|
blest
|
memberkati, merestui
|
learn
|
learned
|
learned
|
learnt
|
learnt
|
mempelajari
|
input
|
inputted
|
inputted
|
input
|
input
|
memasukkan
|
Namun ada pula kata kerja yang
memiliki makna berbeda, tergantung berfungsi sebagai regular verb atau irregular.
Contoh
Kata Kerja dengan Makna Berbeda:
Kata
Kerja
|
Base
Form
|
Past
Tense
|
Past
Participle
|
Makna
|
regular verb
|
hang
|
hanged
|
hanged
|
menggantung (membunuh)
|
irregular verb
|
hang
|
hung
|
hung
|
menggantung (benda)
|
Plural – Singular – Past - Past
Participle
- becomes – become – became - become
- catches – catch – caught - caught
- drives – drive – drove - driven
- flies – fly – flew - flown
- forgives – forgive – forgave - forgiven
- goes – go – went - gone
- hides - hide – hid - hidden
- rides – ride – rode - ridden
- writes – write – wrote - writte
Contoh kalimat Past Continuous Tense (when and while)
Kalimat when/while ditengah
1.
You
were not
listening to me when
I told you to turn the oven off.
2.
Sammy
was waiting
for us when we got off the plane.
3.
I
was watching
TV when she called.
4.
He
was cancelling his flight when we
called him.
5.
I
was overtaking a truck when I heard
a loud thump.
6.
We
were watching a movie when the
screen went blank.
7.
We
were complaining about the weather when
the sun broke through the clouds.
8.
Sandra
was washing the dishes when a plate
fell off the shelf.
9.
I
was talking with James when
the telephone rang.
10.
I
was watching TV when you
telephoned.
11.
I
held my breath when somebody was
behaving suspiciously in my backyard.
12.
Male
students were playing around while
female ones were chitchatting.
13.
My
roommate was snoring loudly while I
was studying.
14.
We
were smoking while we were drinking.
15.
I
breathed well when somebody was not behaving
suspiciously in my backyard.
Kalimat when/while diawal
1.
When the phone
rang, she was writing a letter.
2.
While we were having the picnic, it started to
rain.
3.
While John was sleeping
last night, someone stole his car.
4.
While I was writing
the email, the computer suddenly went off.
5.
While he was
talking on the phone, I was watching TV.
6.
While she was packing
the bags, I was looking for our passports.
7.
While Angelica was
playing tennis, the plane crashed.
8.
When Bob was
painting windows, it started raining.
9.
When I was jogging
someone stopped me and asked what time it was
10.
When Bob was
painting windows, Mary was working in the kitchen.
11.
While I was sleeping,
she was working.
12.
When I called him
last night, he was playing card with his friends.
13.
When she screamed
for help, we were chitchatting.
14.
When someone broke
into our house, we were sleeping.
15.
While I was not
typing this note, we were watching TV in the family room.
